Heterochromatin?protein?1 (HP1) is a family of heterochromatic adaptor molecules involved in?both gene silencing and higher order chromatin?structure. All three HP1?family members (,B,and γ) are primarily associated with centromeric heterochromatin? However,HP1B and γ also localize to euchromatic sites in?the genome. HP1 proteins are approximately 25 kDa in?size and contain?a conserved amino terminal chromodomain,?followed by a variable?hinge region and a conserved carboxy-terminal chromoshadow domain. The chromodomain facilitates binding to histone H3 tri-methylated at Lys9,a histone "mark"?closely associated with centromeric heterochromatin. The variable?hinge region binds both RNA and DNA in a sequence independent manner. The chromoshadow domain mediates the dimerization of HP1 proteins,in addition to binding multiple proteins? implicated in gene silencing and heterochromatin? formation,including the SUV39H histone methyltransferase,the DNMT1 and DNMT3a DNA? methyltransferases,and the p150 subunit of chromatin-assembly factor-1 (CAF1). In addition to contributing to heterochromatin formation and propagation,HP1?and SUV39H are also found complexed with retinoblastoma?(Rb) and E2F6 proteins,both of which function to repress euchromatic gene transcription in?quiescent cells. HP1?proteins?are subject to multiple types of post-translational?modifications,including phosphorylation,acetylation,methylation,ubiquitination,and sumoylation,suggesting multiple means of regulation.