Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), also called cachectin, is produced by neutrophils, activated lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells, LAK cells, astrocytes endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and some transformed cells. TNF-α occurs as a secreted, soluble form and as a membrane-anchored form, both of which are biologically active. The naturally-occurring form of TNF-α is glycosylated, but non-glycosylated recombinant TNF-α has comparable biological activity. The biologically active native form of TNF-α is reportedly a trimer. Human and murine TNF-α show approximately 79% homology at the amino acid level and crossreactivity between the two species. Two types of receptors for TNF-α have been described and virtually all cell types studied show the presence of one or both of these receptor types.
We recommend that this vial be briefly centrifuged prior to opening to bring the contents to the bottom. Reconstitute in 10mM HAc to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. Stock solutions should be apportioned into working aliquots and stored at <-20