Cyanine heptamethine dyes are well-known NIR fluorophores, with emission wavelengths >740 nm, and often are reagents of choice for labeling antibodies. Two of the most popular commercial NIR cyanine heptamethine dyes for antibody conjugation are IRDye 800CW and DyLight 800. While these NIR dyes are undoubtedly useful for many types of immunofluorescence technologies, the resulting NIR dye-labeled antibodies sometimes exhibit performance limitations due to three inherent fluorophore concerns. (1) A meso-OAryl group connected directly to the heptamethine fluorochrome group is susceptible to nucleophilic displacement by biological amines and thiols1, 2 resulting in a diminished chemical stability of the dye-antibody conjugates during synthesis, storage, or the time-course of an imaging experiment. In addition, the electron-donating meso-OAryl group promotes high fluorochrome reactivity with electrophilic singlet oxygen, resulting in relatively poor dye photostability.3,4 (2) Both dyes are flat molecules with a hydrophobic core and a polyanionic charge periphery. Thus, the chemical conversion of a small polar, cationic lysine residue on the antibody surface to a large hydrophobic, polyanionic dye derivative has the potential to produce substantial changes in antibody folding and physiochemical properties, leading to lower antibody stability and decreased target specificity.4-8 (3) When activated versions of these hydrophobic dyes are conjugated to an antibody surface, they tend to attach at the proximal lysine sites as stacked face-to-face dimers, which produces a diagnostic H-dimer peak in the absorbance spectra that is nonfluorescent.8,9 Moreover, the close stacking of proximal conjugated IRDye 800CW or DyLight800 on an antibody surface amplifies the potential for a deleterious effect on antibody targeting because of a localized patch of polyanionic charge and hydrophobicity.nnIn order to address these drawbacks of commercially NIR cyanine a conceptually new class of sterically shielded NIR dyes was developed in Dr. Bradley D. Smith laboratory.10, 11 These dyes contain two shielding PEG arms directly over both faces of the heptamethine fluorochrome blocking any undesired bimolecular association processes and thus enhance the fluorescence brightness. A recently published antibody labeling study clearly demonstrated 1-2 order of magnitude increase in brightness compared to commercially available NIR dyes as a result of almost complete prevention of stacking of multiple fluorophores appended to the antibody surface.10, 11nnThese sterically shielded NIR dyes with greatly improved chemical and photochemical stability and substantially enhanced brightness will enable researchers to greatly improve various types of indirect NIR immunofluorescence imaging and diagnostics applications that require high sensitivity and also develop new photonintense techniques that require high photostability.nnMB 800Z is a zwiteroinic, charge-balanced dye with an equal number of anionic sulfonate and cationic ammonium residues, a structural feature that is known to reduce interactions with off -target biological surfaces.12,13
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Click Chemistry Tools(CCT)公司位于美國亞利桑那州斯科茨代爾(Scottsdale,AZ)。自公司成立以來,一致致力于不斷開發(fā)和擴展一系列連接產(chǎn)品。他們利用特別新的研究成果研發(fā)生產(chǎn)出新穎的交聯(lián)和標記試劑。產(chǎn)品被廣泛用于藥物研發(fā)、癌癥治療以及各類診斷技術(shù)等。此外,CCT還可以提供個性化的定制產(chǎn)品,已滿足不同用戶的需求。目前CCT的產(chǎn)品線主要包括:Azides(Biotin-Azides)試劑、Bis-sulfone交聯(lián)試劑、DBCO試劑、TCO試劑、Terminal Alkyne試劑、Tetrazine試劑、標記試劑盒以及分選用底物等。nFluoroprobes公司位于美國亞利桑那州斯科茨代爾(Scottsdale, AZ),自成立以來,一直致力于不斷開發(fā)一系列的連接(linker)產(chǎn)品。利用特別新的研究成果研發(fā)生產(chǎn)出各類新穎的交聯(lián)和標記試劑。其產(chǎn)品被廣泛用于藥物研發(fā)與篩選、疾病治療方法和診斷技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域。此外,F(xiàn)luoroprobes還可以根據(jù)客戶的個性化需求提供各類定制連接產(chǎn)品。代表產(chǎn)品有Classic Fluorescent Dyes, AZDye, Cyanine Dyes, IR Dyes, MB dyes以及一些標記試劑盒等。nQuanta Biodesign公司位于美國中部的俄亥俄州,成立于1997年。也是專注于生產(chǎn)研發(fā)各類標記產(chǎn)品的品牌之一。其研發(fā)的產(chǎn)品與dPEG技術(shù)相結(jié)合,生產(chǎn)出他們獨有的專利產(chǎn)品dPEG Building Blocks and Linkers,被廣泛用于細胞治療和分子診斷等研究領(lǐng)域。另外,還可為廣大科研工作者提供多種化學(xué)修飾試劑以及傳統(tǒng)Liner等。n目前上述三個品牌都已被被Vectorlabs收購并整合到Vectorlabs產(chǎn)品中